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August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
S. Oliver, S. Morató, B. Juste, R. Miró, G. Verdú, N. Tejedor, J. Pérez-Calatayud
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 198 | Number 2 | February 2024 | Pages 264-273
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2023.2192312
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
High-energy radiotherapy treatments of a medical Linear Accelerator (LinAc) generate secondary neutrons that can produce health damage on the human body as the induction of secondary cancers. The energy spectrum of these neutrons must be determined to estimate the extra dose received by patients inside a radiotherapy room during radiotherapy treatment. To quantify the neutron production, a Ludlum Bonner sphere spectrometer (BSS) is used for measurement at different points of a LinAc bunker at the Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe de València. With the neutron measured data and a set of response detector curves obtained by Monte Carlo simulations with MCNP6.1.1, the Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization unfolding method is used to unfold the energy neutron spectrum. Unfolded neutron spectra at different locations were compared to those obtained by Monte Carlo simulation of the same setup, showing the same energetic behavior. The fluence rate decreases with source distance, and the shape changes from a fast neutron peak in the nearest LinAc head location to a prominent thermal neutron peak in the bunker maze region. Moreover, the neutron ambient equivalent dose was obtained from the unfolded spectra and compared to Berthold detector measurements, being consistent.