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Diversification and the common ground
Craig Piercycpiercy@ans.org
Who would have thought, just a few years ago, that we would see so many long-standing barriers to new nuclear development falling like dominoes? Public opinion, policy, regulatory reform, finance and investment, design maturity, nuclear fuel enrichment, and fuel fabrication capacity have all advanced with remarkable speed in the United States.
Conventional wisdom holds that the most effective way to scale up the nuclear supply chain is to do so strategically, matching investments to the needs of reactor developers.
Thomas Leadbeater, Andy Buffler, Michael van Heerden, Ameerah Camroodien, Deon Steyn
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 198 | Number 1 | January 2024 | Pages 121-137
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2023.2171234
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT) is a radioactive tracer-based approach to studying dynamic physical processes and multiphase flows. Short-lived positron-emitting isotopes are loaded onto suitable substrates used as tracer particle flow followers in physical and engineering-relevant systems. Coincident photons from electron-positron annihilation are detected using large arrays of pixelated scintillators, with the reconstructed photon trajectories collectively used to determine tracer particle dynamics. We have developed indirect radiochemical, and direct physical activation, techniques for producing tracer particles for such studies, and we report on the current state of the art with focus on the direct approach with high-energy alpha-particle beams. The 16O(α,x)18F reactions have been explored as viable candidates in producing the pure positron emitter 18F from natural 16O-bearing targets. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) glass spheres of diameters of 5 to 10 mm were irradiated in a 100-MeV alpha-particle beam of around 800-nA current for approximately 2 h. Radioisotope activation yields were characterized by half-life measurements and gamma-ray spectroscopy, with the highest yield being 18F (<2.5 mCi). Contaminants from other reaction channels were observed and characterized, including the positron emitter 43Sc and negative beta emitter 24Na, produced from alpha and neutron activation of contaminant species in the target material, respectively. The activation technique is shown to be a reasonable candidate to complement and enhance existing tracer particle production techniques for PEPT and other radiotracer-based studies.