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2026 Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
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What’s the most difficult question you’ve been asked as a maintenance instructor?
Blye Widmar
"Where are the prints?!"
This was the final question in an onslaught of verbal feedback, comments, and critiques I received from my students back in 2019. I had two years of instructor experience and was teaching a class that had been meticulously rehearsed in preparation for an accreditation visit. I knew the training material well and transferred that knowledge effectively enough for all the students to pass the class. As we wrapped up, I asked the students how they felt about my first big system-level class, and they did not hold back.
“Why was the exam from memory when we don’t work from memory in the plant?” “Why didn’t we refer to the vendor documents?” “Why didn’t we practice more on the mock-up?” And so on.
Fred Gelbard, Bradley A. Beeny, Larry L. Humphries, Kenneth C. Wagner, Lucas I. Albright, Max Poschmann, Markus H. A. Piro
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 197 | Number 10 | October 2023 | Pages 2723-2741
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2022.2161277
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) systems can be divided into two basic categories: liquid-fueled MSRs in which the fuel is dissolved in the salt, and solid-fueled systems such as the Fluoride-salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor (FHR). The molten salt provides an impediment to fission product release as actinides and many fission products are soluble in molten salt. Nonetheless, under accident conditions, some radionuclides may escape the salt by vaporization and aerosol formation, which may lead to release into the environment. We present recent enhancements to MELCOR to represent the transport of radionuclides in the salt and releases from the salt. Some soluble but volatile radionuclides may vaporize and subsequently condense to aerosol. Insoluble fission products can deposit on structures. Thermochimica, an open-source Gibbs Energy Minimization (GEM) code, has been integrated into MELCOR. With the appropriate thermochemical database, Thermochimica provides the solubility and vapor pressure of species as a function of temperature, pressure, and composition, which are needed to characterize the vaporization rate and the state of the salt with fission products. Since thermochemical databases are still under active development for molten salt systems, thermodynamic data for fission product solubility and vapor pressure may be user specified. This enables preliminary assessments of fission product transport in molten salt systems. In this paper, we discuss modeling of soluble and insoluble fission product releases in a MSR with Thermochimica incorporated into MELCOR. Separate-effects experiments performed as part of the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment in which radioactive aerosol was released are discussed as needed for determining the source term.