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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
William Bennett, Ryan G. McClarren
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 197 | Number 9 | September 2023 | Pages 2270-2300
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2023.2199783
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The set of benchmark solutions used in the thermal radiative transfer community suffers some coverage gaps, in particular, nonlinear, nonequilibrium problems. Also, there are no nonequilibrium, optically thick benchmarks. These shortcomings motivated the development of a numerical method free from the requirement of linearity and easily able to converge on smooth optically thick problems, i.e., a moving mesh Discontinuous Galerkin framework that utilizes an uncollided source treatment. Having already proven this method on time-dependent scattering transport problems, we present here solutions to nonequilibrium thermal radiative transfer problems for familiar linearized systems together with more physical nonlinear systems in both optically thin and thick regimes, including both the full transport and the / solution. Geometric convergence is observed for smooth sources at all times and some nonsmooth sources at late times when there is local equilibrium. Also, accurate solutions are achieved for step sources when the solution is not smooth.