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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Baoqing Liu, Ruijia Cheng, Yanan Zhang, Xiaoge Chen, Zilong Xu
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 189 | Number 3 | March 2018 | Pages 290-300
Technical Note | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2017.1394084
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Fluid-elastic instability is the major factor in causing the vibration of tube bundles. Design guidelines on fluid-elastic instability in tube bundles is necessary to avoid damage due to excessive tube vibration. However, the design guidelines on fluid-elastic instability in tube bundles subjected to two-phase cross flow have no consistent conclusions. Accordingly, this technical note researches the vibration characteristics of three tube bundle distributions, namely, normal square tube bundles with pitch-to-diameter ratios of 1.28 and 1.32 and a normal triangular tube bundle with a pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.32. Comparison of the present fluid-elastic threshold results with previously published data shows good agreement in single-phase flow. The effects of pitch-to-diameter ratio and tube bundle configurations on fluid-elastic instability induced by air-water cross flow were also compared and analyzed by measuring unstable behavior of tube bundles. It was found that fluid-elastic instability is more prone to occur with a decrease of pitch-to-diameter ratio and that the normal square tube bundle is more stable than the normal triangular tube bundle. From the perspective of the tube bundle configurations, it was recommended that the instability constant K in normal triangular and normal square tube bundles be 3.4 and 4.0, respectively.