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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Daniel B. Fromowitz, Gary B. Zeigler
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 182 | Number 2 | February 2016 | Pages 166-180
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE14-49
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Using two different methods, angular quadrature sets are developed with greater than about 1000 angles per octant to reduce ray effects in three-dimensional (3-D), discrete ordinates radiation transport calculations with large air or void regions. Quadrature sets from both methods are evaluated in two distinct 3-D models sensitive to quadrature details and are shown to behave reasonably well. The first method is a previously described method that is examined here in 3-D. The second method produces quadrature sets that have quadrature directions approximately evenly spaced over the entire surface of the unit sphere.