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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
Glenn A. Roth, Fatih Aydogan
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 182 | Number 1 | January 2016 | Pages 71-82
Technical Paper | Special Issue on the RELAP5-3D Computer Code | doi.org/10.13182/NSE14-149
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The RELAP5-3D code is used to analyze nuclear reactor systems during steady-state and transient operations. Reactor transients that result in significant two-phase flow conditions and phase change, such as reflood scenarios, loss-of-coolant accidents, and others, can tax the current capabilities of the code to model the flow fields. Current codes, such as RELAP5-3D, RELAP-7, and TRACE, have mass, momentum, and energy governing equations for only two fields (liquid and vapor). The representation of two-phase flow phenomena is improved by increasing the number of fields. Therefore, governing equations based on six fields (liquid, vapor, small bubble, large bubble, small droplet, and large droplet) are derived in this paper for implementation in RELAP5-3D.