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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Mihály Makai, Zoltán Szatmáry
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 177 | Number 1 | May 2014 | Pages 52-67
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE12-97
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In the Monte Carlo (MC) method, statistical noise is usually present, and it may become dominant in the calculation of a distribution, usually by iteration, but it is less important in calculating integrals. The subject of the present work is the role of statistical noise in iterations involving stochastic simulation (the MC method). Convergence is checked by comparing two consecutive solutions in the iteration. The statistical noise may randomize or pervert the convergence. We study the probability of convergence and the correct estimation of the variance in a simplified model problem. We also study the statistical properties of the solution to a deterministic problem with a stochastic source obtained from a stochastic calculation. There are iteration strategies resulting in nonconvergence or a randomly stopped iteration.