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2026 Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
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Latest News
Mike Kramer: Navigating power deals in the new data economy
Mike Kramer has a background in finance, not engineering, but a combined 20 years at Exelon and Constellation and a key role in the deals that have Meta and Microsoft buying power from Constellation’s Clinton and Crane sites have made him something of a nuclear expert.
Kramer spoke with Nuclear News staff writer Susan Gallier in late August, just after a visit to Clinton in central Illinois to celebrate a power purchase agreement (PPA) with Meta that closed in June. As Constellation’s vice president for data economy strategy, Kramer was part of the deal-making—not just the celebration.
Richard Sanchez
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 177 | Number 1 | May 2014 | Pages 19-34
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE12-95
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
We investigate the degeneracy of the first-order PN equations and construct interface and boundary conditions that ensure a unique solution. Our technique is based on establishing an equivalence between the first- and second-order PN equations and showing that the (regular) second-order equations with opposite parity to N are nondegenerate. Assuming bounded angular flux moments and sources, we derive interface and boundary conditions for the regular second-order equations that, via the equivalence, are those to be used with the first-order PN equations. While providing independent derivations, our results reproduce those derived using solid harmonic expansions by Davison and Rumyantsev in the 1950s.
