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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
R. Kladnik
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 32 | Number 3 | June 1968 | Pages 370-376
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE68-A20219
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Some optical properties of neutron diffusion waves are discussed. Expressions are given for the change in the direction of propagation of the wave components reflected and refracted at the interface between two semi-infinite media by using appropriate formulae for the refraction of the electromagnetic waves in conducting media. It was found that the phase speed of the refracted asymptotic wave depends upon the direction of propagation. This dependence is especially noticeable in graphite/light-water systems. The phase speed is practically constant in graphite/ heavy-water systems. The results predict the existence of the total reflection of the asymptotic wave on the graphite/vacuum interface, providing the incidence angle is larger than ∼23°. Experimental verification of the diffusion wave refraction is suggested.
