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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Jeng-Ming Fang, Yen-Wan H. Liu, Horng-Kuang Liu, Pin-Wu Kao, Jing-Tong Yang
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 116 | Number 3 | March 1994 | Pages 181-204
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE94-A19812
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A two-dimensional perturbation method with regionwise flux expansion is developed and tested for the boiling water reactor fast shutdown margin calculation. The ways of generating the two-dimensional parameters for the unrodded bundles are tested to find the one that results in the most accurate eigenvalue of the single-rod-out condition. The use of the one-bundle-per-region flux expansion method gives more accurate results than the ring-regionwise flux expansion method. The first four strongest control rods chosen by this method using one-bundle-per-region flux expansion always contain the top four strongest rods predicted by SIMULATE-3 three-dimensional calculations. The strongest rod is always correctly predicted, and the differences in shutdown margin predictions are <1 mk for all the cases tested. The time saved by using the two-dimensional perturbation method rather than the direct three-dimensional full-core calculation is a factor of ∼10 and even more for larger core loadings. By using correct two-dimensional parameters, the accuracies of the perturbation method itself in the calculations of the eigenvalue and the neutron flux distribution are also tested. It is found that the errors are very small even for such a strong perturbation in the shutdown margin calculation.