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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Jeffrey A. Favorite
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 175 | Number 1 | September 2013 | Pages 44-69
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE12-17
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
It is often desirable to solve radiation transport problems in one-dimensional spherical geometries even if the actual object being modeled is not spherical. It may be possible to use perturbation theory to account for the difference between the real multidimensional system and the spherical approximation. This idea is tested using uncollided as well as multigroup inhomogeneous transport problems with upscattering. Asymmetric and nonuniform perturbations are made to the shielding (not the source) of spherical geometries, including transformations from a sphere to a cube (the surface transformation function is derived), and Schwinger, Roussopolos, and combined perturbation estimates are applied. For uncollided fluxes, perturbation theory, particularly the Schwinger estimate, worked very well when the response of interest was the flux measured at a symmetric spherical 4 detector external to the geometry, but perturbation theory did not work well when the response of interest was the flux measured at a single external point (unless extra care was taken to account for geometric effects). For neutron-induced gamma-ray line fluxes, the Roussopolos estimate worked well when the response of interest was the flux measured at an external 4 detector or an external point detector.