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Going Nuclear: Notes from the officially unofficial book tour
I work in the analytical labs at one of Europe’s oldest and largest nuclear sites: Sellafield, in northwestern England. I spend my days at the fume hood front, pipette in one hand and radiation probe in the other (and dosimeter pinned to my chest, of course). Outside the lab, I have a second job: I moonlight as a writer and public speaker. My new popular science book—Going Nuclear: How the Atom Will Save the World—came out last summer, and it feels like my life has been running at full power ever since.
Keiichi Saito
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 37 | Number 3 | September 1969 | Pages 380-396
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE69-A19114
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Input-noise sources in at-power reactors are formulated under the basic assumption that a set of macrostochastic variables characterizing the state of the reactors has Markoffian properties. An input-noise source is defined as the ratio between the power-spectral density of fluctuations in the reactor-power level and the square modulus of the source-transfer function. Random birth and death processes of neutrons give rise to a “white” contribution to the input source. Additional contributions are found which have the break (roll-off) angular frequencies determined by the relaxation time constants of the feedback effects on reactivity. These “non-white” terms come from fluctuations in neutron-reaction cross sections caused by temperature variations. The ratio of the non-white to the white terms increases as the reactor power increases. It also depends on the magnitude of the reactivity coefficients of feedback. Before one evaluates the magnitude of the non-white noise term, however, there should be knowledge of some statistical parameters relating the noise to random emission of energy by nuclear fissions, random exchange between the fuel and the coolant in heat transfer reactions and random removal through the coolant flow. The formula for analyzing the power-spectral density of the temperature fluctuations is also derived where the same unknown statistical parameters appear. Measurements of both the power and the temperature fluctuations will serve to determine these parameters whereby one will be able to obtain better information on the time constant and the reactivity coefficient of each feedback effect.