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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
T. Shimooke
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 37 | Number 3 | September 1969 | Pages 343-357
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE69-A19111
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The phenomenon of neutron focusing by a totally reflecting conical tube is studied in terms of the focused neutron currents, the spectrum shift, and the gains in beam intensity and in increasing the reaction rate of a 1/v absorber. The influence of the source temperature, the angular spread of the source flux, the geometrical variations of the conical pipe, and the reflectivity are considered. Two different approximate formulations on the focused neutrons in a reflecting tube are established for the purpose of carrying out the numerical calculations. The formulation allows detailed calculations on each order of multiple reflection, taking the tube geometry into consideration. The analysis shows that relatively strongly focused neutron currents are attainable under proper conditions by means of a “focalizer,” a reflecting conical tube. The uses of a multistage focalizer are also suggested, showing examples where both intensity and a 1/v absorption rate in an exposed sample can be enhanced.