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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
E. Aalto and Å. Krell
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 27 | Number 2 | February 1967 | Pages 433-440
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE67-A18282
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Neutron and gamma-ray attenuation have been studied in a cylindrical duct, length-to-diameter ratio = 7, partly (36 vol%) filled by a helical (screw-like) steel plug with an adjustable number of turns. The total neutron leakage through the duct decreased by a factor of 6 when the number of turns increased from 0 to 0.5; and by an additional factor of 3 in going from 0.5 to 2 turns (saturation value). The leakage with less than 0.5 turns is governed by the fast flux and above 0.5 turns by the epithermal flux., It is shown that the neutron attenuation (in the saturated case) can be satisfactorily predicted by homogenizing the plug and by combining the attenuation calculated in an infinite layer thus obtained with that predicted in a circular duct. The prerequisite is that the attenuation curves obtained are displaced in the streaming direction by the diameter of the duct., The attenuation of gamma rays in the saturation case (≈3 turns) equals that predicted in a homogenized infinite material without the duct attenuation.