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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Deep Space: The new frontier of radiation controls
In commercial nuclear power, there has always been a deliberate tension between the regulator and the utility owner. The regulator fundamentally exists to protect the worker, and the utility, to make a profit. It is a win-win balance.
From the U.S. nuclear industry has emerged a brilliantly successful occupational nuclear safety record—largely the result of an ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) process that has driven exposure rates down to what only a decade ago would have been considered unthinkable. In the U.S. nuclear industry, the system has accomplished an excellent, nearly seamless process that succeeds to the benefit of both employee and utility owner.
Kiyoshi Takeuchi, Shun-ichi Tanaka
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 90 | Number 2 | June 1985 | Pages 158-164
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE85-A17673
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Gamma-ray exposure buildup factors are calculated using a discrete ordinates direct integration code, PALLAS-PL, SP-Br, for water, concrete, iron, and lead for point isotropic sources. These data include the effects of secondary photon sources arising from Compton scattering, bremsstrahlung, and annihilation. Comparisons of these results without bremsstrahlung to values obtained earlier by moments calculations show reasonable agreement, except in some instances of deep penetration. The calculated buildup factors are tabulated for incident energies of 0.1 to 15 MeV (except for lead, where the lower energy is 0.4 MeV) and for penetration depths as great as 40 mfp.