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NNSA furloughs 1,400 employees, pays contractors until end of month
After nearly three weeks of a government shutdown, the Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration has furloughed 1,400 employees and has retained 400 as essential employees who will continue working without pay.
J. M. Chapman, C. M. Huddleston
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 25 | Number 1 | May 1966 | Pages 66-74
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE66-A17502
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Methods are outlined for computer calculation of first- and second-order contributions to gamma-ray dose rates in two-legged rectangular concrete ducts of personnel shelters. Four computer programs, based on values of differential dose albedo derived from Monte Carlo calculations, are used to calculate corner-lip inscattering, backscattering from surfaces visible to both source and detector, and combinations of these two scattering events. The first program computes the dose contribution from corner-lip inscatter and from combinations of corner-lip penetration and wall backscatter. The second calculates first-order backscatter from the basic scattering areas in the corner of the duct. The third computes the second-order backscatter contribution from two successive backscatters from the duct walls. The final program calculates the contribution due to combinations of one wall backscatter and one corner-lip inscatter. The results of the calculations are compared with experimental results obtained by several investigators. The experimental studies used 11 × 11-in., 3 × 3-ft, and 6 × 6-ft ducts; the gamma-ray sources were, variously, 198Au, 137Cs, 60Co, and 24Na. Since the difference between calculated and measured values of gamma-ray dose in the second leg is generally less than 30%, results obtained by calculation can be used to predict the attenuation factors of two-legged concrete ducts and entranceways leading into personnel shelters with an expected error of less than 30%.