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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Ding She, Kan Wang, Ganglin Yu
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 172 | Number 2 | October 2012 | Pages 127-137
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE11-44
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In loosely coupled systems and large-scale systems, Monte Carlo criticality calculation suffers from slow fission source convergence because of the high dominance ratio (DR). In previous work, the Wielandt method and the superhistory method have been separately proposed to accelerate source convergence. However, although both methods decrease the DR, they are found not able to sufficiently accelerate fission source convergence. In this paper, the effective DR is defined and used to analyze the effectiveness of the Wielandt method and the superhistory method and to theoretically prove that they cannot reduce the computational time to converge the fission source. Accordingly, both methods are modified by adjusting the source population of inactive cycles, and their efficiency after adjustment is also compared. Moreover, the asymptotic Wielandt method (AWM) and the asymptotic superhistory method (ASM) are proposed, and the rules of deciding asymptotic parameters are also discussed. The new methods are implemented into the RMC code and validated by calculating loosely coupled problems and large-scale problems. Numerical calculation results show that AWM and ASM are practical and efficient for source convergence acceleration, which can save 75% to 90% of the computational time to reach a converged fission source.
