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Why should safeguards by design be a global effort?
Jeremy Whitlock
I can’t think of a more exciting time to be working in nuclear, with the diversity of advanced reactor development and increasing global support for nuclear in sustainable energy planning. But we can’t lose sight of the need to plan for efficient international safeguards at the same time.
Global nuclear deployment has been underpinned since 1970 by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), making it a key customer requirement for governments to demonstrate unequivocally that the technology is not being misused for weapons development.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has helped verify this commitment for more than 50 years, but it has never safeguarded many of the advanced reactors (and related fuel cycle processes) being developed today.
Jeremy Lloyd Conlin, James Paul Holloway
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 169 | Number 2 | October 2011 | Pages 168-177
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE10-72
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This paper introduces the explicitly restarted Arnoldi's method for calculating eigenvalues and eigenvectors in a Monte Carlo criticality calculation. Arnoldi's method is described along with the power method. The power method has been used for decades for Monte Carlo criticality calculations despite the availability of other algorithms with better convergence properties. The Monte Carlo application of the transport-fission operator of the Boltzmann transport equation is defined, and the Monte Carlo implementation of both Arnoldi's method and the power method are described. A brief discussion of eigenvalue and fission source convergence is given. Numerical simulations of one-demensional slab geometries are presented, demonstrating the convergence of both the eigenvalue and fission source (as measured by the Shannon entropy) for both Arnoldi's method and the power method. The results show that Arnoldi's method does not need to discard iterations like the power method because both the eigenvalue and fission source appear to converge immediately, even for problems with high dominance ratios.