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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Yuji Torikai, Ralf-Dieter Penzhorn, Masao Matsuyama, Kuniaki Watanabe
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 48 | Number 1 | July-August 2005 | Pages 177-181
Technical Paper | Tritium Science and Technology - Decontamination and Waste | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-4
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
One conceivable option for the disposal of tritium-contaminated stainless steel consists in its storage at ambient temperature in a purged containment. To assess this option several stainless steel 316 specimens, previously loaded at elevated temperatures with 0.8-8.5 MBq of tritium, were flushed continuously with dry argon (water partial pressure 0.073 Pa) for extended periods of time. The released tritium (more than 99 % in the form of tritiated water (HTO)) was collected in bubblers and monitored periodically by liquid scintillation counting. After an initial fast liberation a fairly constant rate of the order of 0.2 % per day established. Tritium depth profile in the SS specimens could be simulated by a diffusion limited desorption model. The rate determining step for tritium release appears to be bulk diffusion.