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EPA issues final rule regulating “forever chemicals”
The Environmental Protection Agency announced that it will issue a rule aimed at limiting public exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The final rule will designate two widely used PFAS chemicals, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), as hazardous substances under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), also known as Superfund.
According to the EPA, both PFOA and PFOS meet the statutory criteria for designation as hazardous substances.
Yuji Inagaki et al.
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 56 | Number 2 | August 2009 | Pages 821-825
Tritium Breeding | Eighteenth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (Part 2) | doi.org/10.13182/FST09-A9011
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Deuterium ion implantation experiments into Li2TiO3 and TiO2 were performed with various ion fluences to elucidate the role of lithium on deuterium retention behavior in Li2TiO3. The experimental results showed that there were four deuterium trapping states in TiO2; two of them were interacted near the surface and the others were deuterium trapped by E'-center and bound to oxygen with forming TiO-D bond in bulk. For Li2TiO3, there were five trapping states; four of them were the same as those in TiO2 and the other was that bound to oxygen with forming LiO-D bond. The implanted deuterium was preferentially trapped by E'-center with forming hydroxide. LiOD phase was formed as increasing ion fluence. The retention of deuterium trapped by E'-center for Li2TiO3 was less than that for TiO2, indicating that the migration of lithium via irradiation defects during implantation refrains the deuterium retention in Li2TiO3.