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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Kenji Okuno, Sachiko Suzuki, Hirotada Ishikawa, Takumi Hayashi, Toshihiko Yamanishi, Yasuhisa Oya
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 56 | Number 2 | August 2009 | Pages 799-803
Safety and Environment | Eighteenth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (Part 2) | doi.org/10.13182/FST09-A9007
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Temperature dependence of oxide layer formation on hydrogen isotope retention in stainless steel type 316 was studied by TDS and XPS. The shape of TDS spectrum was clearly changed by the oxide formation temperature. The chemical states of iron, chromium and oxygen were also evaluated by XPS. The surface oxide layer was composed of iron and oxygen and the contribution of chromium was quite low. The ratio of oxide layer on stainless steel increased as increasing the annealing temperature. The deuterium retention trapped by the oxide layer, which corresponded to the desorption temperature of 600-800 K, was governed by the ratio of oxide layer, especially iron hydroxide. All of the iron was not oxidized and the saturation ratio of iron oxide to pure iron existed in the stainless steel. It was concluded that the saturation of deuterium retention trapped by the oxide layer was controlled by the amount of iron oxide in the oxide layer.