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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Mahmoud Z. Youssef, Russell Feder, Kelly Thompson, Ian Davis, Gregory Failla
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 56 | Number 2 | August 2009 | Pages 718-725
Nuclear Analysis | Eighteenth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (Part 2) | doi.org/10.13182/FST09-A8993
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The new feature of the ATTILA 3-D code to calculate dose rates in a given geometry was benchmarked using the dose rate experiments performed at the FNG 14.1 MeV source facility located at ENEA, Frascati, Italy. Two experimental campaigns were performed. Post irradiation measurements were undertaken using Geiger-Müller, TLD, and tissue-equivalent scintillators. Other measurements were also performed during irradiation. ATTILA results were compared to the experimental data and to the results of the MCNP Monte Carlo code published earlier. The calculations were performed through three consecutive steps using the same ATTILA code along with its built-in activation library, FORNAX. The ANSI/ANS6.1.1-77 and ICRP74 Ka flux-to--dose conversion factors were used. Good agreement with the experimental data and the MCNP results was obtained for times >7 d after irradiation in the 1st campaign but large underestimation was found at shorter time steps. Both dose rates and integrated gamma fluxes are largely underestimated (∼20-40%) in the 2nd campaign.