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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
B. J. Le Garrec, G. L. Bourdet, V. Cardinali
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 56 | Number 1 | July 2009 | Pages 369-374
High Average Power Laser and Other IFE R&D | Eighteenth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (Part 1) | doi.org/10.13182/FST09-A8929
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The real advantage of the laser driver as compared to other drivers is its ability to provide a high quality focal spot on target. Heat generation in solid-state media has always been recognized as a limiting feature because at high repetition rate, the quality of this focal spot depends on the beam wave-front distortions. It is not easy to design the driver baseline because there are too many different parameters to deal with. In this paper, we introduce two figures of merit that show that Yb doped ceramics (either garnets or sesquioxides) are promising laser materials opening new fields during the research phase to demonstrate ignition and fusion gain (including the fast ignitor concept). When driven at low temperature (cryogenic cooling), all of the operational features of the laser amplifier can be demonstrated at an aperture scale of only 10-15 cm.