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EPA issues final rule regulating “forever chemicals”
The Environmental Protection Agency announced that it will issue a rule aimed at limiting public exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The final rule will designate two widely used PFAS chemicals, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), as hazardous substances under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), also known as Superfund.
According to the EPA, both PFOA and PFOS meet the statutory criteria for designation as hazardous substances.
Yasunori Iwai, Toshihiko Yamanishi, Akihiro Hiroki, Masao Tamada
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 56 | Number 1 | July 2009 | Pages 163-167
Tritium, Safety, and Environment | Eighteenth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (Part 1) | doi.org/10.13182/FST09-A8895
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The combined electrolysis and catalytic exchange process has been selected for the water detritiation system for the ITER. In the front-end process of tritiated water electrolyzer composed of a solid polymer electrode, ion exchange resin beds are installed for processing effluent ions in the enriched tritiated water from the catalytic exchange column to avoid the deterioration of the solid polymer electrode. The tritium concentration in the circulation resin bed is evaluated to reach 1.09x1015Bq/m3. It is thus important to note the radiation-induced degradation in ion exchange resins. We studied the degradation effects in Amberlite[registered] and Diaion[registered] organic ion exchange resins caused by the irradiation with electron beam up to the integrated dose of 1500kGy. The procedures D2187-94 of the American Society for Testing and Materials were adopted for the evaluation of the water retention capacity, the backwashed and settled density, the salt splitting capacity, and the total exchange capacity of particulate ion exchange resins. A 20% decrease of total exchange capacity of the cation exchange resin, when irradiated up to 1500 kGy at room temperature, has been observed.