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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
R. D. Deranian et al.
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 47 | Number 3 | April 2005 | Pages 768-773
Technical Paper | Fusion Energy - Plasma Engineering, Heating, Current Drive, and Control | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A779
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An extensive set of software tools for integrated plasma control, developed and validated on the DIII-D tokamak, has been applied to several nextgeneration fusion device designs including KSTAR, EAST, and ITER. These devices will require elements of integrated plasma control in order to achieve high reliability advanced tokamak or burning plasma operation. Plasma Control Systems (PCS) based on the DIII-D PCS have been designed for each of these devices. The integrated plasma control approach uses validated physics models to design controllers for plasma shape and both axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric MHD instabilities and confirms control performance by operating actual machine control hardware and software against detailed tokamak system simulations. The physics-based models include conductors, diagnostics, power supplies, and both linear and nonlinear plasma models. These models can be implemented in the detailed control simulations to verify event handling and demonstrate functioning of control action under realistic hardware (CPU and network) conditions. Results of simulations are shown, illustrating control performance characteristics produced by each device design, engineering choices, and control system algorithms and hardware. Such simulations allow confirmation of performance prior to actual implementation on an operating device.