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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
Panos J. Karditsas
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 47 | Number 3 | April 2005 | Pages 729-733
Technical Paper | Fusion Energy - Divertor and Plasma-Facing Components | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A772
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The High Efficiency Thermal Shield (HETS) concept was proposed by ENEA for divertor application in the context of the ITER project and as part of the European Power Plant Conceptual Study. The design is modular, and the unit dimensions are of the order of centimeters for limiting mechanical and thermal stresses. This paper presents results of thermal-fluid and structural analyses, with different heat flux loads, fluid pressures and inlet velocities. The fluid analysis shows that the sharp corner flow passage at the point of flow reversal behaves like an abrupt enlargement, leading to considerable pressure losses as compared to the results obtained by rounding the corner. The combination of rounding the sharp corner and flow cross-sectional area expansion, leads to reduced pressure losses, without any degradation of the thermal performance of the component.