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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
José Guasp, Macarena Liniers, Cándida Fuentes, Germán Barrera
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 35 | Number 1 | January 1999 | Pages 32-41
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST99-A75
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The neutral beam power transmitted into the helical axis stellarator TJ-II is calculated for the final duct design of TJ-II. The transmitted beam is intercepted by the first toroidal field coil before reaching the plasma. The nontrapped fraction of the beam hits various vacuum vessel components.The adopted design of the graphite thermal shields used as vacuum vessel protection at TJ-II is presented. The design achieves a compromise between maximum power into the torus and minimum loads on sensitive parts.A three-dimensional version of the beam geometric code DENSB is set up to calculate the power loads due to shine-through neutrals on the shields under these circumstances. Power load maps are the input to the finite element code ANSYS for the calculation of temperature distributions.For the usual duty cycle at TJ-II (300-ms pulses every 300 s), the peak surface saturation temperatures at all surfaces remain under 650 °C, well below the tolerable limits for graphite.