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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
R. R. Paguio, A. Nikroo, K. M. Saito, J. F. Hund, E. R. Castillo, N. M. Ravelo, K. Quan
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 55 | Number 4 | May 2009 | Pages 450-455
Technical Paper | Eighteenth Target Fabrication Specialists' Meeting | doi.org/10.13182/FST09-A7425
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) foam shells are needed for direct-drive inertial confinement laser fusion experiments at the University of Rochester OMEGA laser facility. As previously reported, the addition of long-chained polymers to the fabrication process has improved shell wall uniformity, but this change has led to a lower yield (from ~40 to ~15%) of shells that are gas retentive after the application of glow discharge polymer (GDP) using the standard deposition technique. We have improved this yield by modifying the coating conditions of the GDP overcoating process by modifying the background coating pressure from the constant 75 mTorr to using a two-step coating process of a high-pressure coating at 250 mTorr followed by low-pressure coating of 75 mTorr. This modification has improved the yield of the gas retention on the styrene-butadiene-styrene RF shells from ~15 to ~60%. We have found that the surface roughness of these shells is also improved from ~45 nm root-mean-square (rms) to ~20 nm rms. This technique, however, leads to a slight shrinkage of shells, which will be described.