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September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Alexei Yu. Chirkov, Vladimir I. Khvesyuk
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 55 | Number 2 | February 2009 | Pages 162-167
Technical Paper | Seventh International Conference on Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement | doi.org/10.13182/FST09-A7005
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Electromagnetic drift instabilities are considered for tandem mirror and field reversed plasma configurations taking into account effects of magnetic drift and finite ( = plasma pressure / magnetic pressure). Stabilization of drift modes due to finite plasma length along magnetic field lines is studied. Dispersion equation includes effects of the common actions of gradients of plasma density, ion temperature and electron temperature with no assumption of adiabatic response of ions or electrons for the ranges of perpendicular wave number values from k[perpindicular] < 1/Ti up to k[perpindicular] ~ 1/Te (Ti and Te are ion and electron thermal gyroradiuses). Instability induced turbulent transport is considered for mirror and field reversed magnetic configurations. Effect of sheared E × B flow on fluctuation level and transport is discussed.
