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Fusion Science and Technology
October 2025
Latest News
Dry Ice Blasting: A Game-Changer for Safe Cleaning and Decontamination in Nuclear Power Plants
The nuclear energy industry is critical not only for meeting the world’s growing demand for electricity but also for advancing global decarbonization goals. As the sector evolves—through life extensions of existing plants, decommissioning, innovations like small modular reactors (SMRs) and microreactors, and new facility construction—the need for safe, efficient, and environmentally responsible maintenance and decommissioning continues to grow. Whether a plant is coming online, operating beyond its original design life, or entering decommissioning, cleanliness and operational integrity remain non-negotiable. That’s where dry ice blasting stands out—a powerful, safe cleaning method ideally suited for the high-stakes demands of nuclear environments.
E. Westerhof, J. A. Hoekzema, G. M. D. Hogeweij, R. J. E. Jaspers, F. C. Schüller, C. J. Barth, H. Bindslev, W. A. Bongers, A. J. H. Donné, P. Dumortier, A. F. van der Grift, D. Kalupin, H. R. Koslowski, A. Krämer-Flecken, O. G. Kruijt, N. J. Lopes Cardozo, H. J. van der Meiden, A. Merkulov, A. Messiaen, J. W. Oosterbeek, P. R. Prins, J. Scholten, V. S. Udintsev, B. Unterberg, M. Vervier, G. van Wassenhove
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 47 | Number 2 | February 2005 | Pages 108-118
Technical Paper | TEXTOR: A Flexible Device | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A692
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
TEXTOR is equipped with two gyrotrons at 110 and 140 GHz, respectively. Both share a single power supply and a confocal quasi-optical transmission line. They cannot be operated simultaneously. The 110-GHz gyrotron with limited power and pulse length (300 kW; 200 ms) has been used in a first series of experiments on electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) and for collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostics of energetic ions. In the future the 110-GHz gyrotron will be operated exclusively for CTS diagnostics, while for ECRH and ECCD, the newly installed 140-GHz, high-power (800-kW), long-pulse (>3-s) gyrotron is now available. The highlights of first ECRH experiments with the 110-GHz gyrotron are reported. These include observations of internal transport barriers with ECRH on various target plasmas: in the current plateau phase of both ohmic and radiation improved mode (RI-mode) discharges. In addition, sawtooth control by localized ECRH is demonstrated. First results on CTS include the observation of the slowing down of energetic ions and of the redistribution of energetic ions in sawtooth crashes.
