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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
E. Westerhof, J. A. Hoekzema, G. M. D. Hogeweij, R. J. E. Jaspers, F. C. Schüller, C. J. Barth, H. Bindslev, W. A. Bongers, A. J. H. Donné, P. Dumortier, A. F. van der Grift, D. Kalupin, H. R. Koslowski, A. Krämer-Flecken, O. G. Kruijt, N. J. Lopes Cardozo, H. J. van der Meiden, A. Merkulov, A. Messiaen, J. W. Oosterbeek, P. R. Prins, J. Scholten, V. S. Udintsev, B. Unterberg, M. Vervier, G. van Wassenhove
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 47 | Number 2 | February 2005 | Pages 108-118
Technical Paper | TEXTOR: A Flexible Device | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A692
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
TEXTOR is equipped with two gyrotrons at 110 and 140 GHz, respectively. Both share a single power supply and a confocal quasi-optical transmission line. They cannot be operated simultaneously. The 110-GHz gyrotron with limited power and pulse length (300 kW; 200 ms) has been used in a first series of experiments on electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) and for collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostics of energetic ions. In the future the 110-GHz gyrotron will be operated exclusively for CTS diagnostics, while for ECRH and ECCD, the newly installed 140-GHz, high-power (800-kW), long-pulse (>3-s) gyrotron is now available. The highlights of first ECRH experiments with the 110-GHz gyrotron are reported. These include observations of internal transport barriers with ECRH on various target plasmas: in the current plateau phase of both ohmic and radiation improved mode (RI-mode) discharges. In addition, sawtooth control by localized ECRH is demonstrated. First results on CTS include the observation of the slowing down of energetic ions and of the redistribution of energetic ions in sawtooth crashes.
