ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Latest Magazine Issues
May 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
June 2026
Nuclear Technology
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
O. Neubauer, G. Czymek, B. Giesen, P. W. Hüttemann, M. Sauer, W. Schalt, J. Schruff
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 47 | Number 2 | February 2005 | Pages 76-86
Technical Paper | TEXTOR: A Flexible Device | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A689
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
TEXTOR is the Tokamak Experiment for Technology Oriented Research in the field of plasma-wall interaction. The scope includes a detailed analysis of particle and energy exchange between the plasma and the surrounding chamber as well as active measures to optimize the first wall and the plasma boundary region. TEXTOR is a medium-sized tokamak belonging to the class of moderate-field but large-volume devices having a circular cross section of the plasma and an iron core. The plasma major radius is 1.75 m, and the minor radius is 0.47 m. The maximum plasma current is 0.8 MA, the maximum field is 3 T, and the maximum pulse length is 10 s. TEXTOR is fed directly from the 110-kV grid using an installed converter power of ~300 MVA. The inner wall of TEXTOR is equipped with several specially shaped limiters being partly remotely movable. Special design features of TEXTOR are excellent access for diagnostics to domains near the wall, large portholes suitable for implementing methods to control the plasma boundary, facilities to heat the vacuum vessel and the liner, and provisions for exchange of the liner. TEXTOR has been upgraded with auxiliary heating systems (neutral beam injection, radio-frequency heating, and microwave heating of 9 MW in total), a toroidal pumped limiter, an upgraded magnetization coil, and recently the dynamic ergodic divertor (DED). The DED is a novel flexible tool to influence transport parameters at the plasma edge and to study the resulting effects on heat exhaust, edge cooling, impurity screening, plasma confinement, and stability. The number of special features and the flexibility of TEXTOR provide excellent opportunities for important contributions to fusion research.