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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
S. Golubev et al.
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 47 | Number 1 | January 2005 | Pages 345-347
Technical Paper | Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A685
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Modern way of ECR multicharged ion sources development is connected with increasing of microwave frequency up to tens of GHz. Millimeter wave gyrotrons are used now at a few laboratories. Traditional mirror magnetic traps with min B configuration for suppressing of MHD instabilities became too expensive because very strong magnetic field is needed. So prospection of axisymmetric plasma trap with MHD stabilization is a quite relevant subject of modern plasma physics. The simplest trap of such kind is CUSP one. The zero level of magnetic field in the center of the trap doesn't allow to achieve a good confinement in classical regime. In a gasdynamic regime of plasma confinement was studied. The same regime may be realized in the CUSP geometry trap if plasma density is high enough. A small CUSP trap was designed for plasma creation by 37,5 GHz gyrotron radiation under ECR conditions. Temporal evolutions of plasma parameter in experiments were quite smooth and stable. Experimental ion charge state distribution corresponds with calculated one for optimal plasma conditions.