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60 Years of U: Perspectives on resources, demand, and the evolving role of nuclear energy
Recent years have seen growing global interest in nuclear energy and rising confidence in the sector. For the first time since the early 2000s, there is renewed optimism about the industry’s future. This change is driven by several major factors: geopolitical developments that highlight the need for secure energy supplies, a stronger focus on resilient energy systems, national commitments to decarbonization, and rising demand for clean and reliable electricity.
Laila El-Guebaly
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 79 | Number 8 | November 2023 | Pages 919-931
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2022.2151820
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In recent decades, fusion designers have become increasingly aware of the large amount of mildly radioactive materials that fusion generates in comparison to their fission counterpart, which is a problem that was overlooked in early fusion studies. This radioactive waste (radwaste) problem could influence public acceptability of fusion and will certainly become a significant issue in the immediate future as fusion moves forward toward commercialization. There is a growing appreciation to revisit the 1960s decision that relegated all radwaste to the back end as only a disposal issue. In light of the challenges facing fusion in the 21st century, a thoughtful alternate approach that promotes recycling and clearance of all fusion radioactive materials is considered to stress the environmental value of fusion in utilizing natural assets efficiently, assert the fundamental premise of fusion as a nuclear energy source with minimal environmental impact, and gain public acceptability for fusion. This strategy helps to reach the common goal of several organizations that recommend recycling and clearing as much radioactive material as practically possible to reduce final radwaste burdens/risks and to maximize the use of natural resources. Recognizing the relatively early stages of commercial fusion maturity, lessons learned and worldwide industrial experiences from other nuclear fields are valuable resources for the fusion recycling/clearance approach. To make such an approach a reality, the global fusion program should be set up to accommodate the new strategy at an early stage of fusion designs and address the identified issues and needs with directed research and development programs. The absence of official fusion regulatory guidelines has been recognized for several decades, but some progress has been made in recent years, recognizing that fusion is different from fission and has a different radionuclide profile.