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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
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Deep geologic repository progress—2025 Update
Editor's note: This article has was originally published in November 2023. It has been updated with new information as of June 2025.
Outside my office, there is a display case filled with rock samples from all over the world. It contains a disk of translucent, orange salt from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad, N.M.; a core of white-and-bronze gneiss from the site of the future deep geologic repository in Eurajoki, Finland; several angular chunks of fine-grained, gray claystone from the underground research laboratory at Bure, France; and a piece of coarse-grained granite from the underground research tunnel in Daejeon, South Korea.
Muhammad Taimoor Saleem, Kamran Ahmad, Muhammad Bilal, Saira Gulfam, Zahoor Ahmad
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 78 | Number 7 | October 2022 | Pages 573-587
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2022.2081650
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Pakistan Spherical Tokamak (PST-I) is the first medium-sized tokamak that will be installed in Pakistan. A pure tension toroidal field (TF) coil shape is suggested in order to get stable plasma operation and bending free TF coils. This paper utilizes pure tension theory for the design of TF coils. Numerical solutions of a modified form of File’s equation were employed to obtain the shape of the TF coil. The finite element method was used to find critical engineering parameters in the TF coil design. Excitation of the TF coil was done in two ways: steady state and transient state. Simulation results of the magnetic field profile, current density through the TF coil, Lorentz force distribution, stresses, and deformations/bendings are presented in this paper. Uniform stress distribution of around 5 MPa was observed in the pure tension TF coil during transient current excitation and 2.8 MPa during static current excitation. Maximum bending of 1.2 mm was observed in the TF coil during transient current excitation and 2 mm during static current excitation.