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Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
C. Gormezano, P. Buratti, M. L. Apicella, E. Barbato, G. Bracco, A. Cardinali, C. Castaldo, R. Cesario, S. Cirant, F. Crisanti, M. de Benedetti, B. Esposito, D. Frigione, L. Gabellieri, E. Giovannozzi, G. Granucci, H. Kroegler, M. Leigheb, M. Marinucci, D. Pacella, L. Panaccione, V. Pericoli-Ridolfini, L. Pieroni, S. Podda, F. Romanelli, M. Romanelli, P. Smeulders, C. Sozzi, A. A. Tuccillo, O. Tudisco
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 45 | Number 3 | May 2004 | Pages 303-322
Technical Paper | Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (FTU) | doi.org/10.13182/FST04-A516
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The main physics results achieved in the recent years in the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (FTU) are reviewed. The main focus of research has been the development of performance plasmas at high densities (up to 4 × 1020 m-3), high magnetic field (up to 8 T) and plasma current (up to 1.6 MA), that are therefore in a domain of relevance for burning physics experiments such as ITER. The main tools consist in the development of plasma conditioning techniques and the use of various electron heating and current drive systems. Improved confinement regimes have been developed, including (a) the production of steady electron internal transport barriers at high density and electron temperature (up to central electron temperature of 11 keV at a central density of 0.9 × 1020 m3), (b) the production of repetitive pellet enhanced plasma modes with deep pellet deposition leading to a substantial increase of the neutron yield (and a record FTU value of the fusion product niTiE up to 0.8 × 1020 m-3 keVs), and (c) the production of radiation improved modes at high magnetic field. Main results on the supporting physics program will also be given in the domain of plasma wave physics (lower hybrid current drive, electron cyclotron resonance frequency, ion Bernstein waves), heat and impurities transport, and magnetohydrodynamic studies.
