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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Jae-Uk Lee, Min Ho Chang, Hyun-Goo Kang, Dong-You Chung, Sei-Hun Yun, Suh-Young Lee, In-Beum Lee
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 75 | Number 8 | November 2019 | Pages 1046-1052
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2019.1643688
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This paper presents a dynamic model and simulation of the fuel delivery process between the separation system and the fueling system in the fusion fuel cycle considering the time-varying tokamak fuel demand. The fuel delivery process consists of vacuum pumps, valves, pressure vessels, and pipelines. Experimental data are applied to model the performance curves of the vacuum pumps. The delivery pressure is needed to be controlled to satisfy the pressure requirement of the fueling system. The developed dynamic model can be used to investigate delivery pressure fluctuation under various demand scenarios including a certain peak demand. The model is applied to the tritium delivery line during the inductive operation of the tokamak. Several rules for vessel switching are analyzed to examine the change of delivery pressure. The results show that the fluctuation can be reduced by switching vessels just before peak demand. The pressure fluctuation must be avoided by improving the flow coefficient of the control valve.