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2024 ANS Annual Conference
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Nicholas Tsoulfanidis—ANS member since 1969
As an undergraduate I studied physics at the University of Athens. I entered the university in 1955 after successfully passing a national exam (came up fourth in a field of about 700 candidates). Upon graduation and finishing my mandatory two-year military service, the plan was to teach physics either in a public high school or as a tutor for a private for-profit institution, preparing high school students for the national exam.
Francisco A. Hernández, Pavel Pereslavtsev, Guangming Zhou, Béla Kiss, Qinlan Kang, Heiko Neuberger, Vladimir Chakin, Ramil Gaisin, Pavel Vladimirov, Lorenzo V. Boccaccini, Gandolfo A. Spagnuolo, Salvatore D’Amico, Ivo Moscato
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 75 | Number 5 | July 2019 | Pages 352-364
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2019.1607695
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The helium-cooled pebble bed (HCPB) blanket is one of the two concepts proposed as a driver blanket for the European Union Demonstration Fusion Power Reactor (EU DEMO). In contrast to past conceptual design studies, in the frame of the current Power Plant Physics and Technology of the EUROfusion Consortium, the ongoing EU DEMO preconceptual design activities have adopted a holistic and integrated (i.e., systems engineering) design approach. As a consequence of this new approach, many interfaces and requirements have been identified, some of them driving the design of the blankets. This paper shows the advancements in the HCPB breeding blanket and describes the lessons learned after implementing the new approach. This new set of requirements has led us to reconsider fundamental aspects of the HCPB blanket design, especially in the way of how the heat is extracted from the blanket. Among others, the requirement to achieve a mature balance of plant (BOP) system plays a central role as a key design driver and has forced us to reduce pressure drops in the breeding blanket. In this regard, the blanket has been redesigned, leading to an enhanced concept based on single-module segments with a hexagonal matrix of fuel-breeder pins. Both the fuel-breeder pins and the first wall (FW) are equipped with turbulence promoters (augmented wall roughness in the fuel-breeder pins and V-ribs in the FW), following a similar idea as in the past MAGNOX, Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR), and Gas Cooled Reactor (GCR) programs in fission. This has led to minimizing the pressure drops while maximizing the heat transfer. Also, the blanket outlet temperature has been extended to 520°C, following the same principle as in Generation IV’s GCRs of maximizing the temperature difference across the core to minimize the reactor mass flow rate and thus the circulating power. All these features have led to a remarkably low plant circulating power (80 to 90 MW) and the required power per helium blower (5 to 6 MW), which potentially solves the key long-standing problem of the BOP technology readiness level for an ≈2.4-GW(thermal) helium-cooled DEMO reactor.