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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
K. Sathyanarayana, S. V. Kulkarni, Amit Patel, Pujita Bhatt, Alpesh Vala, Hiren Mewada, Keyur Mahant
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 75 | Number 3 | April 2019 | Pages 234-243
Technical Note | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2018.1557984
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The impact of geometric tolerances of the mode converters on the microwave performance of the respective mode converters is studied. It is used as a guiding principle for stipulating the fabrication tolerances on various high-power microwave components. To carry out the simulation studies, Microwave Studio- Computer Simulation Technology software has been used. All the mode converters and transmission line components have been designed and benchmarked using simulation studies. The TE-03 to TE-02 (TE-mn where m and n are radial and azimuthal variation of fields) mode converter is taken as an example. The predicted microwave performance with estimated geometric tolerances is elucidated. Details of the same are available in the various microwave performance plots. Similar simulation studies have been carried out on the other mode converters. The results of the same are highlighted and summarized. Further, the microwave performance of these high-power components with respect to the fabrication tolerances on the internal diameter is also explored and highlighted. It has been found that by and large the cumulative mechanical tolerances on the total length, structural profile inside the mode converter, radius of the mode converter, and other mechanical dimensions are stringent. Based on the simulation studies, cumulative mechanical tolerances beyond approximately ±100 µm during fabrication are not preferred. The aim to obtain the finished product based on the guidelines from simulation studies has been the main theme of the exercise.