ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
T. Bernat, C. Castro, J. Hund, A. Pastrnak, N. Petta, J. Sin, O. Stein
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 73 | Number 3 | April 2018 | Pages 392-399
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2017.1406250
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Thin polyimide (PI) windows are used to contain gases in a variety of targets including National Ignition Facility ignition targets. Magnetized liner inertial fusion targets shot on the Sandia National Laboratory Z-facility and on the University of Rochester OMEGA laser facility typically contain deuterium gas in the pressure range from a few to as many as 15 atm, with the window diameters ranging from a few tenths of a millimeter at OMEGA to several millimeters at the Z-facility. These pressures are generally higher, with larger plastic deformations, than previously investigated. We have fabricated and assembled PI windows and measured their deflections and burst pressures for these pressure and diameter ranges at room temperature. The results are dependent on PI formulation and the details of the window assembly geometry. We analyze the scaling behavior of these higher-pressure windows similarly to but with an extension of the analysis of Bhandarkar et al. [Fusion Sci. Technol., Vol. 70, p. 332] and show that predictions of pressure-induced deflection using this analysis applies to a more complex window geometry than previously reported.