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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
T. Kakuta, S. Konishi, Y. Kawamura, M. Nishi, T. Suzuki
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 39 | Number 2 | March 2001 | Pages 1083-1087
Tritium | doi.org/10.13182/FST01-A11963388
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Electrochemical properties of the ceramic protonic conductor cell were investigated to evaluate its feasibility of hydrogen pumping for the purpose of tritium extraction in fusion fuel system. Experiments were performed at 873~1073K. One side of the cell was exposed to pure hydrogen and the other was exposed to 0.01~10 vol. % of hydrogen balanced with helium. Static and dynamic hydrogen pumping properties of the cell were evaluated. Electromotive force generated between two electrodes by the difference of hydrogen concentration was measured as static characteristics. In the region of the ratio of hydrogen partial pressure up to 100, the electrochemical potential driven by the difference of hydrogen partial pressure agreed well with the theoretical values derived from Nemst's law. The hydrogen pumping capacity was measured as the current density with applied DC. Hydrogen was selectively transferred at the current density of 7mA/cm2 at 873K and 9mA/cm2 at 973K, which satisfy our projected requirement (above 5mA/cm2) for applying to the blanket tritium recovery system. Voltage-induced degradation of the cell material accompanied with water vapor generation was observed, and voltage region to avoid this degradation was identified.