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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
S. Sharafat, M. Demetriou, N. Ghoniem, B. Williams, R. Nygren
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 39 | Number 2 | March 2001 | Pages 863-867
Divertor and Plasma-Facing Components | doi.org/10.13182/FST01-A11963347
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A novel concept for drastically improving the surface heat load capability of helium-cooled tungsten-alloy tubes is being developed for plasma facing components. The concept utilizes ultra-low density (90% porosity) W-foam, which is chemical-vapor-deposited inside a W-tube. The W-foam enhances the effective heat transfer coefficient inside the tube by significantly increasing the conduction path from the wall to the coolant fluid. A mockup of the W-tube/W-foam system has been constructed for testing at the helium loop and electron beam facility at Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM. A finite element model (FEM) was constructed based on a 3-D solid model of the test section. The enhanced heat transfer coefficient was determined based on fundamental heat transfer principles through porous media. The porous tungsten heat exchanger tube exhibits a 3 fold improved surface heat load capability relative to a plain W-tube at temperatures above 1200°C.