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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
André L. Rogister
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 37 | Number 2 | March 2000 | Pages 239-248
Instabilities and Transport | doi.org/10.13182/FST00-A11963219
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Most experts consider that the causes of anomalous energy and particle transport in fusion devices are low frequency “drift” waves, themselves driven unstable by the equilibrium gradients and the associated drifts across the confining magnetic field (hence the terminology). We first introduce the dimensionless parameters which characterize drift waves (drift ordering). We then accordingly simplify the conventional two fluids description and obtain the general eigenvalue equations for drift eigenmodes. We finally search for solutions with angular frequency ω~ω* (the diamagnetic drift frequency), ω~λω*, etc … assuming λ≡LN(T)/qR ≪ 1 [LN(T) is the density (temperature) gradient length and qR is the connection length]. We recover in this way both the electron and the ion drift branches. The poloidal variation of the magnetic field has two opposite effects on the growth (damping) rate according to whether the width of the modes is larger or smaller than the distance between the rational surfaces q(r)=m/ℓ and q(r+Δ)=(m+l)/ℓ. Kinetic effects and the role of trapped particles are not described by the two fluid description but could be readily included.