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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Paul P.H. Wilson, H. Tsige-Tamirat, Hesham Y. Khater, Douglass L. Henderson
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 34 | Number 3 | November 1998 | Pages 784-788
Fusion Blanket and Shield Technology | doi.org/10.13182/FST98-A11963709
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
ALARA [Analytic and Laplacian Adaptive Radioactivity Analysis] v1.0,1,2 a new activation code released in January 1998 and developed specifically for the analysis of radioactivity in fusion energy systems, has been validated by comparison to other commonly used activation codes, FISPACT-973 and DKR-Pulsar 2.04 using the International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA] Fusion Evaluated Nuclear Data Library [FENDL] Calculational Activation Benchmark.5 The solutions to the benchmark problem for both steady-state and pulsed operation have been calculated with all three programs on the same IBM RS/6000 workstation. In addition to comparing the total activity in each of the 44 non-void zones and the isotopic contributions to the activity at specific spatial points, the required computing time has been compared. For the steady state problem, agreement between ALARA and FISPACT-97 for the total activity was within 2.5% in all zones at all cooling times, and within 0.5% in most zones. For both the steady state and pulsed problem, agreement between ALARA and DKR-Pulsar 2.0 was within 1% in all zones and at all cooling times where tritium inventories were not significant. The agreement between ALARA and FISPACT-97 for the individual isotopic inventories in the stainless steel first wall back-plate were within 1% for all dominant isotopes at all cooling times, while the DKR-Pulsar 2.0 results showed some significant discrepancies. The processing time for ALARA is 2/3 of that for DKR-Pulsar 2.0 and less than 1/5 of that for FISPACT-97. This validation exercise proves that ALARA is an accurate and fast computational tool for the calculation of induced activity in fusion power systems.
