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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
William J. Carmack, Galen R. Smolik, Robert A. Anderl, Robert J. Pawelko, Patricia B. Hembree
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 34 | Number 3 | November 1998 | Pages 604-608
Safety and Environment (Poster Session) | doi.org/10.13182/FST98-A11963680
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The INEEL has analyzed a variety of dust samples from operating experimental tokamaks: General Atomics' DIII-D, Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Alcator CMOD, and Princeton's TFTR. These dust samples were collected and analyzed because of the importance of dust to the safety of future fusion power plants and ITER. The dust may contain tritium, be activated, be chemically toxic, and chemically reactive. The INEEL has carried out numerous characterization procedures on the samples yielding information useful both to tokamak designers and to safety researchers. Two different methods were used for particle characterization: optical microscopy (count based) and laser based volumetric diffraction (mass based). Surface area of the dust samples was measured using Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller, BET1, a gas adsorption technique.
The purpose of this paper is to present the correlation between our particle size measurements and our surface area measurements for tokamak dust.