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DTRA’s advancements in nuclear and radiological detection
A new, more complex nuclear age has begun. Echoing the tensions of the Cold War amid rapidly evolving nuclear and radiological threats, preparedness in the modern age is a contest of scientific innovation. The Research and Development Directorate (RD) at the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) is charged with winning this contest.
William J. Carmack, Galen R. Smolik, Robert A. Anderl, Robert J. Pawelko, Patricia B. Hembree
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 34 | Number 3 | November 1998 | Pages 604-608
Safety and Environment (Poster Session) | doi.org/10.13182/FST98-A11963680
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The INEEL has analyzed a variety of dust samples from operating experimental tokamaks: General Atomics' DIII-D, Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Alcator CMOD, and Princeton's TFTR. These dust samples were collected and analyzed because of the importance of dust to the safety of future fusion power plants and ITER. The dust may contain tritium, be activated, be chemically toxic, and chemically reactive. The INEEL has carried out numerous characterization procedures on the samples yielding information useful both to tokamak designers and to safety researchers. Two different methods were used for particle characterization: optical microscopy (count based) and laser based volumetric diffraction (mass based). Surface area of the dust samples was measured using Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller, BET1, a gas adsorption technique.
The purpose of this paper is to present the correlation between our particle size measurements and our surface area measurements for tokamak dust.