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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
S.C. McCool, A.J. Wootton, R.V. Bravenec, P.H. Edmonds, K.W. Gentle, H. Huang, J.W. Jagger, B. Richards, David W. Ross, E.R. Solano, J. Uglum, P.M. Valanju
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 27 | Number 3 | April 1995 | Pages 444-450
Advanced Tokamak And Steady-State Sustainment Systems | doi.org/10.13182/FST95-A11947125
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Recent favorable results on START have caused renewed interest in low aspect ratio tokamaks. To design an economical next-step spherical tokamak to study confinement scaling and high beta plasmas, we have developed a transport scaling and device optimization code. This code OPT, benchmarked against START, includes 10 empirical confinement scaling laws and essential tokamak physics such as stability limits. Parameters are optimized separately for each scaling law and physics goal. Using OPT we find for R/a=1.2 to 2.0 one can achieve βN=5 and <β>=30% with just two neutral beams (PNB<3.5 MW) for Ip≥0.75 MA, and Ro≥0.6 m. In contrast, if one insists on using the nominal device parameters, Ip=1 MA and Ro=0.8 m, with each scaling law, achieving βN=5 requires typically PNB⋍7.5 MW.
