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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
C. W. Hartman, J. L. Eddleman, J. H. Hammer, B. G. Logan, H. S. McLean, R. W. Moir, A. W. Molvik
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 20 | Number 4 | December 1991 | Pages 776-786
Inertial Confinement Fusion | doi.org/10.13182/FST91-A11946936
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Compact Torus Accelerator (CTA), under development at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, offers the promise of a low-cost, high-efficiency, high-energy, high-power-density driver for ICF and MICF (Magnetically Insulated ICF) type fusion systems. A CTA with 100 MJ driver capacitor bank energy is predicted to deliver ~30 MJ CT kinetic energy to a 1 cm2 target in several nanoseconds for a power density of ~1016 watts/cm2. The estimated cost of delivered energy is ~3$/Joule. We discuss indirect-drive ICF with a DT fusion energy gain Q = 70 for a total yield of 2 GJ. A reactor system for CT injection, target emplacement, containment, energy recovery, and breeding will be described. The CTA naturally lends itself as a driver for MICF where an energetic (≈100 MJ) CT is injected into a containment sphere generating shock heating which initiates a magnetically insulated DT burn with refueling for Q ≃ 70 and a fusion yield of 7 GJ. The containment sphere, which is chosen to be several 14 MeV neutron mfp's thick, is vaporized and heated by fusion neutrons and expands into the main reactor containment chamber to form the working gas for direct electrical energy recovery through an MHD generator cycle. Application of the MICF system to spaceship propulsion will also be discussed.