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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
C. Yuan, W. W. Fan, Y. F. Zhao, Z. H. Liu, J. Cao, G. L. Yuan, Z. J. Yin
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 72 | Number 2 | August 2017 | Pages 129-136
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2017.1320498
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A set of real-time tomographic systems for tokamak plasma hard X-ray (HXR) diagnosis was designed, which is dedicated to real-time investigation of X-ray energy and its density profile that are produced by fast electron bremsstrahlung emission between the energy span of 20 to 200 keV under the lower hybrid (LH)–driven mode of HL-2A device. By utilizing an integrated detector array of lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate scintillators and silicon photomultipliers, and in conjunction with high-speed main electronics and appropriate digital processing algorithms, this tomographic system has achieved real-time energy surveillance of HXR that are radiated from 12 different chords on the poloidal plane of the HL-2A plasma region. The temporal and spatial resolutions of this system are 10 ms and 2 cm, respectively. The real-time tomography of the investigation results can clearly display the spatial distribution and its evolution over time of HXR energy. Onsite HL-2A experiments have proven that this real-time tomographic system is qualified as a reliable platform in the research field of plasma state and high-energy particles energy during LH current mode.