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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Take steps on SNF and HLW disposal
Matt Bowen
With a new administration and Congress, it is time once again to ponder what will happen—if anything—on U.S. spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste management policy over the next few years. One element of the forthcoming discussion seems clear: The executive and legislative branches are eager to talk about recycling commercial SNF. Whatever the merits of doing so, it does not obviate the need for one or more facilities for disposal of remaining long-lived radionuclides. For that reason, making progress on U.S. disposal capabilities remains urgent, lest the associated radionuclide inventories simply be left for future generations to deal with.
In March, Rick Perry, who was secretary of energy during President Trump’s first administration, observed that during his tenure at the Department of Energy it became clear to him that any plan to move SNF “required some practical consent of the receiving state and local community.”1
V. Erckmann; W. Kasparek; Y. Koshurinov; L. Lubyako; M. I. Petelin; D. Yu. Shchegolkov; F. Hollmann; G. Michel; F. Noke; F. Purps; ECRH Groups at IPP Greifswald, IPF Stuttgart, IAP Nizhny Novgorod, FZK Karlsruhe, IFP Milano
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 55 | Number 1 | January 2009 | Pages 23-30
Technical Paper | Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating | doi.org/10.13182/FST09-A4050
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Experiments on the combination of the high-power wave beams from two gyrotrons and fast switching of the combined beam between two transmission channels are described. The measurements were performed using a high-power resonator diplexer in the optical transmission line of the electron cyclotron heating system for W7-X. The principle and the engineering design of the prototype four-port quasi-optical diplexer is presented. The wave beams from two gyrotrons with output powers of 370 and 560 kW, respectively, have been combined for pulse lengths up to 10 s, limited only by the uncooled mirrors used in the diplexer. By modulating the gyrotron frequency using a fast high-voltage body modulator, controlled toggling of the combined power between the two outputs of the diplexer was demonstrated with switching frequencies of up to 20 kHz.The experiments are compared to theory, showing good agreement when the limited stability of the free-running gyrotrons is taken into account.
