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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Sebastian Mirz, Uwe Besserer, Beate Bornschein, Robin Größle, Bennet Krasch, Stefan Welte
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 71 | Number 3 | April 2017 | Pages 375-380
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2016.1273706
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An integral part of the fuel cycle of future fusion facilities is the isotope separation system (ISS). The Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK) is currently developing a system to monitor the concentration of all six hydrogen isotopologues Q2 (H2, HD, D2, HT, DT, T2) in the liquid phase in the cryogenic distillation process of the ISS.
Liquid inactive Q2 were already successfully analyzed under cryogenic conditions via infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy and calibration data for D2 is provided by previous experiments at TLK. The new experiment T2ApIR (Tritium Absorption Infrared Spectroscopy Experiment) is designed to be fully tritium compatible to perform a complete calibration of the IR absorption measurement system with all six hydrogen isotopologues in the liquid phase under conditions similar to the ISS. This provides a unique non-invasive, inline and real-time measurement system for isotopologic concentration determination, ready for implementation in the cryogenic distillation column.
